Cellar spiders do sometimes kill black widows and redback spiders, but this behavior is not common or guaranteed. While cellar spiders (Pholcidae) are known to prey on and even consume dangerous spiders like black widows and redbacks, the interactions are complex and context-dependent rather than a simple predator-prey relationship.
Background on Cellar Spiders and Venomous Spiders
Cellar spiders, often called “daddy long-legs,” belong to the family Pholcidae. They are harmless to humans and are known for their long, thin legs and messy, irregular webs. Black widows (Latrodectus spp.) and redback spiders (Latrodectus hasselti, native to Australia) are venomous spiders famous for their potent neurotoxic venom and characteristic markings. These spiders often inhabit overlapping territories such as dark corners, basements, sheds, or outdoor sheltered areas.
Because black widows and redbacks can pose a health risk to humans, there is public interest in natural ways to control their populations. Cellar spiders have been observed interacting with these venomous spiders, leading to speculation that cellar spiders might be natural predators capable of killing them.
How Cellar Spiders Interact with Black Widows and Redbacks
Research and anecdotal reports indicate that cellar spiders do sometimes prey on black widows and redbacks. These interactions happen primarily because cellar spiders have a unique hunting style:
- Cellar spiders create loose, irregular webs that can entangle other spiders.
- They are known to invade the webs of other spiders, including black widows and redbacks.
- Once entangled, cellar spiders use their long legs to immobilize prey and deliver venom.
Despite this, cellar spiders are generally smaller and less aggressive than black widows and redbacks. They rely on stealth and their web structure to capture prey rather than direct combat.
Evidence of Cellar Spiders Killing Venomous Spiders
There are documented cases and videos showing cellar spiders capturing and killing black widows and redbacks. These examples demonstrate:
- Cellar spiders invading black widow webs and wrapping the venomous spider in silk.
- Using quick strikes with their legs to avoid bites.
- Eventually subduing the black widow or redback and feeding on it.
However, these events are not frequent and depend on multiple factors such as spider size, hunger, and environmental conditions. Black widows and redbacks can also kill cellar spiders if they manage to attack first.
How Cellar Spiders’ Venom and Webs Work Against Black Widows
Cellar spiders possess venom that is effective on small prey, including other spiders. Their venom is not dangerous to humans but can immobilize or kill smaller or similarly sized spiders.
Additionally, cellar spiders use their webs tactically. Their messy webs are effective at entangling other spiders that are not adapted to navigate such irregular structures. This web advantage allows cellar spiders to catch venomous spiders off-guard.
Black widows and redbacks, however, build more organized orb or tangled webs and can sometimes detect and fend off cellar spiders attempting to invade.
Limitations and Risks in Relying on Cellar Spiders for Control
Despite their occasional predation on venomous spiders, cellar spiders are not reliable biological control agents for black widows or redbacks for several reasons:
- Size and strength differences: Larger black widows or redbacks can easily overpower cellar spiders.
- Territorial behavior: Venomous spiders often defend their webs aggressively.
- Population dynamics: Cellar spiders may not be abundant enough in an area to significantly reduce black widow or redback populations.
- Environmental factors: Habitat preferences and environmental conditions may limit interactions.
Therefore, while cellar spiders can sometimes kill black widows and redbacks, they should not be relied upon as a primary control method.
Comparisons: Cellar Spiders vs. Other Spider Predators
Other spider species and predators also interact with black widows and redbacks. For example:
- Jumping spiders (Salticidae): Active hunters that can prey on a variety of spiders but generally avoid venomous species.
- Spitting spiders (Scytodidae): Use venomous spit to immobilize prey, sometimes including other spiders.
- Wasps: Certain wasps, like the mud dauber, prey specifically on black widows and paralyze them to feed their larvae.
Compared to these, cellar spiders rely on web tactics rather than active hunting, making their interactions with venomous spiders more opportunistic.
Safety Considerations Around Cellar Spiders and Venomous Spiders
Although cellar spiders are harmless to humans, black widows and redbacks pose a real medical risk due to their venom. It is important to avoid direct contact with venomous spiders. Encouraging cellar spiders in your home as a control method is not recommended because:
- Cellar spiders do not guarantee elimination of dangerous spiders.
- Venomous spiders may become more aggressive if disturbed.
- Professional pest control methods are safer and more effective.
Use caution when handling or disturbing spider webs, especially in areas known for black widows or redbacks.
Alternatives to Using Cellar Spiders for Spider Control
If you want to reduce black widow or redback populations safely, consider these strategies:
- Regular cleaning: Remove webs and debris where these spiders hide.
- Seal cracks and openings: Prevent entry into homes or sheds.
- Use sticky traps: To monitor and reduce spider presence.
- Professional pest control: Employ licensed exterminators for severe infestations.
- Natural repellents: Some essential oils and natural substances may deter spiders.
These methods are more predictable and safer than depending on cellar spiders to control venomous species.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can cellar spiders kill black widows?
Yes, cellar spiders can occasionally kill black widows by entangling them in their webs and delivering venom, but it is not a guaranteed or common outcome.
Are cellar spiders dangerous to humans?
No, cellar spiders are harmless to humans. Their venom is too weak to affect people, and they rarely bite.
Do black widows prey on cellar spiders?
Yes, black widows can and do prey on cellar spiders if they catch them, as they are larger and more venomous.
Should I encourage cellar spiders to control venomous spiders?
No, relying on cellar spiders for venomous spider control is not effective or safe. Use proper pest control methods instead.
How can I identify a cellar spider?
Cellar spiders have very long, thin legs and small bodies, often pale or translucent, and build irregular, messy webs in dark corners.
What is the best way to prevent black widows and redbacks at home?
Keep areas clean, remove webs, seal entry points, and consider professional pest control if you have a significant problem.
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