Ontario is home to a diverse array of owl species, each with unique behaviors, habitats, and appearances. Whether you’re a birdwatcher, nature enthusiast, or just curious about these nocturnal predators, this list provides detailed insights into the most common and intriguing owls found across the province. Discover which owls you might encounter and what makes each one special.
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
The Great Horned Owl is Ontario’s most widespread and adaptable owl, recognizable by its prominent ear tufts and deep hooting call. It inhabits forests, wetlands, and urban areas, often nesting in tall trees or abandoned nests of other large birds. Its powerful talons and ferocious hunting style make it a top predator, preying on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. This owl is worth observing for its impressive size—up to 25 inches long—and its role as a keystone predator that helps control rodent populations.
Eastern Screech-Owl (Megascops asio)
The Eastern Screech-Owl is a small, adaptable owl known for its distinctive trilling or whinnying calls, which echo through suburban and forested areas. Its plumage varies from reddish to gray, providing excellent camouflage against tree bark. Active mainly at night, it feeds on insects, small mammals, and birds, often nesting in tree cavities or nest boxes. Its charming size—around 9 inches long—and its ability to thrive in urban settings make it a favorite among birdwatchers and homeowners with backyard nest boxes.
Barred Owl (Strix varia)
The Barred Owl is distinguished by its large, round head, dark eyes, and striking horizontal barring on its chest and vertical streaks on its belly. It prefers mature forests near lakes or rivers and is known for its distinctive hooting call, which sounds like “Who cooks for you, who cooks for you all?” Its diet includes small mammals, amphibians, and insects. Because of its size—about 20 inches long—and its preference for dense woodland, it’s a captivating species for those exploring Ontario’s forested regions.
Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus)
The Northern Saw-whet Owl is one of Ontario’s smallest owls, measuring just 7-8 inches in length. Recognizable by its large eyes and distinctive “saw-whet” call, this owl favors coniferous forests and dense thickets. It preys mainly on small mammals like mice and voles, hunting from perches at night. Its elusive nature and tiny size make it a rewarding find for dedicated birders willing to venture into forested areas at night.
Long-eared Owl (Asio otus)
The Long-eared Owl is notable for its long, ear-like feather tufts and its preference for dense coniferous or mixed forests. It measures approximately 14-16 inches and hunts small mammals during the night, often perching silently before swooping down to catch prey. During the day, it roosts in dense foliage, making it difficult to spot. Its striking appearance and specialized habitat needs make it an interesting species for those exploring Ontario’s woodland habitats.
Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus)
The Short-eared Owl is a ground-nesting species often seen over open fields, marshes, and grasslands, especially during migration and winter. It has a distinctive appearance with a mottled brown and white plumage, and its active hunting style involves low, slow flights over open terrain. Its large, yellow eyes and active daytime hunting behavior distinguish it from many other owls. This species is worth watching during winter months when it often hunts over agricultural fields and wetlands.
Northern Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula)
Though more commonly associated with boreal forests further north, the Northern Hawk Owl occasionally appears in northern Ontario. It resembles a large hawk with a long tail, sharp beak, and striking facial pattern. Its diet mainly includes small mammals, which it hunts during the day and night. Because of its rarity and striking appearance, spotting a Northern Hawk Owl is a notable event for bird enthusiasts in Ontario.
Barn Owl (Tyto alba)
The Barn Owl is a rare but increasingly reported species in Ontario, especially in rural and agricultural areas. Recognized by its heart-shaped face and white plumage, it hunts primarily at dusk and during the night, feeding on small mammals like voles and mice. Its presence is often linked to old barns, abandoned buildings, or suitable nesting sites. Due to its declining numbers, spotting a Barn Owl can be a special experience for conservation-minded birders.
Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus)
The Snowy Owl, while primarily associated with Arctic regions, occasionally visits northern Ontario during winter. Its large size, white plumage, and piercing yellow eyes make it one of the most iconic owls. It hunts over open tundra-like landscapes, preying on lemmings and other small mammals. Winter sightings of Snowy Owls are highly prized, attracting birdwatchers from across the region eager to catch a glimpse of this majestic bird.
How to Choose
When selecting which owl species to focus on or look for, consider factors like habitat preference, size, and activity times. If you’re exploring forests, species like the Great Horned Owl, Barred Owl, or Long-eared Owl are likely targets. For open fields or wetlands, the Short-eared Owl or Snowy Owl may be more common. Pay attention to the owl’s call, as many species have distinctive vocalizations that can help identify them at night or from a distance. Also, consider your location within Ontario, as some species are more prevalent in specific regions or habitats.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is the most common owl in Ontario? The Great Horned Owl is the most widespread and adaptable owl across the province.
- Are owls active during the day? Most owls are nocturnal, but species like the Northern Hawk Owl can be active during the day, especially in winter.
- How can I attract owls to my property? Installing nesting boxes and maintaining natural habitats like mature trees and open fields can encourage owls to settle nearby.
- What should I do if I find an injured owl? Contact local wildlife rehabilitators or conservation authorities for proper care and assistance.
- Are owls dangerous to humans? No, owls generally avoid humans and pose no threat unless provoked or cornered.
- When is the best time to see owls in Ontario? Dusk and nighttime are prime times, especially during migration seasons in spring and fall, and in winter when some species venture south.
Final Thoughts
Ontario’s diverse habitats support a rich variety of owl species, each with unique behaviors and ecological roles. From the majestic Great Horned Owl to the elusive Northern Saw-whet Owl, these birds offer endless opportunities for observation and appreciation. Whether you’re a seasoned birdwatcher or a casual nature lover, understanding the different species and their needs enhances your experience and helps contribute to their conservation. Keep your eyes and ears open during your outdoor adventures—you never know when you might spot one of Ontario’s remarkable owls.
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