For those curious about unusual trees that emit a foul odor reminiscent of rotten fish, this list covers 10 notorious species known for their pungent scents. Whether you are a botanist, gardener, or simply intrigued by nature’s more challenging aromas, these trees are fascinating examples of how diverse plant chemistry can be. Each entry explains what causes the smell and why these trees are worth knowing despite their stench.
1. Ginkgo biloba (Maidenhair Tree)
Ginkgo biloba is famous for its fan-shaped leaves and ancient lineage, but its female trees produce seeds with a notoriously foul smell often compared to rotten fish or vomit. This odor comes from butyric acid in the seed coat, which acts as a natural deterrent to predators. Despite the smell, ginkgo is widely planted for its resilience and striking autumn foliage.
2. Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Katsura Tree)
The Katsura tree’s leaves emit a sweet, cotton candy-like scent in fall, but when its foliage decomposes or when branches are bruised, it can release a smell akin to rotten fish or decaying meat. This scent is due to sulfur compounds released during leaf decay. Katsura is prized for its heart-shaped leaves and stunning fall colors but beware of the occasional stinky moments.
3. Sterculia foetida (Wild Almond or Skunk Tree)
Sterculia foetida earns its nickname “skunk tree” because its flowers and seed pods emit a strong, offensive odor similar to rotten fish or skunk spray. This smell is caused by sulfur-containing compounds that discourage herbivores. Native to tropical Asia, the tree is valued for its shade and ornamental uses despite its malodor.
4. Gynura aurantiaca (Velvet Plant Tree Form)
While typically a houseplant, Gynura aurantiaca grown as a small tree or shrub sometimes produces a faint rotten fish smell when leaves are crushed or damaged. This odor comes from volatile sulfur compounds as part of its chemical defense. Its velvety purple leaves make it attractive, but the smell can surprise unwary gardeners.
5. Morus alba (White Mulberry)
The White Mulberry tree can sometimes emit a fishy or rotten smell from its leaves or fruit when overripe or decomposing. This is due to the fermentation of sugars and sulfur compounds in the fruit. Mulberries are fast-growing and provide edible fruit, though the occasional odor can be off-putting.
6. Argyrodendron trifoliolatum (White Booyong)
Native to Australia, the White Booyong tree sometimes produces a faint rotten fish smell from its large leaves when crushed. This scent is a byproduct of sulfur-containing chemicals in the leaf tissue. The tree is valued for its hardwood and ecological role, but its smell is less well known outside specialist circles.
7. Gleditsia triacanthos (Honey Locust)
Honey Locust trees occasionally emit a fishy odor from their seed pods or decomposing foliage. The smell arises from sulfur compounds and microbial activity breaking down pod material. Despite this, Honey Locusts are widely planted for their shade and drought tolerance.
8. Arum palaestinum (Palestinian Arum Tree-Like Shrub)
Though more a shrub than a true tree, Arum palaestinum releases a strong, foul odor reminiscent of rotten fish or decay when its flowers bloom. This smell attracts flies for pollination. The plant is notable for its medicinal uses but is unmistakably pungent during flowering.
9. Pseudowintera colorata (Horopito or Pepper Tree)
Native to New Zealand, the Horopito emits a subtle fishy smell when leaves are crushed due to its unique blend of essential oils containing sulfur compounds. These chemicals serve as natural insect repellents. The tree is also known for its traditional medicinal uses and peppery flavor.
10. Alstonia scholaris (Blackboard Tree)
The Blackboard Tree sometimes produces a faint rotten fish smell from its bark or leaves when damaged or decaying. This odor derives from alkaloid compounds that the tree uses for defense. It is commonly planted in tropical regions for shade and timber, despite its occasional off-putting scent.
How to Choose
When selecting a tree known for a fishy or rotten smell, consider your tolerance for odor and the intended planting location. Female Ginkgo biloba trees are notorious for their stench but are otherwise hardy and attractive. For tropical or subtropical climates, Sterculia foetida or Alstonia scholaris may fit your needs but expect strong odors during flowering or seed drop. Avoid planting near entryways or outdoor gathering spots if the smell is a concern. Additionally, consider whether the smell is seasonal or triggered by damage or decomposition. Trees like the Katsura or Honey Locust offer beauty with occasional odor issues primarily during leaf decay. If you want a novelty or conversation piece, these stinky trees are unique additions, but always research local climate suitability and growth habits before planting.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Why do some trees smell like rotten fish?
Many trees produce sulfur-containing compounds or butyric acid as chemical defenses that can emit odors similar to rotten fish or decay.
Q: Are these smelly trees harmful?
Generally, the odors are harmless to humans and serve to deter pests or attract specific pollinators; however, some seeds or plant parts may be toxic if ingested.
Q: Can the smell be reduced or removed?
Pruning female Ginkgo biloba seed pods before they ripen can reduce odor; otherwise, controlling damage or decay helps minimize smell but cannot eliminate natural chemical emissions.
Q: Are these trees invasive or problematic?
Some species like Ginkgo and Honey Locust are widely naturalized but not typically invasive; local regulations should be checked before planting.
Q: Do these trees have any benefits despite the smell?
Yes, many provide shade, timber, wildlife habitat, or medicinal uses, and their unique odors are part of complex ecological interactions.
Q: How can I identify these trees if I suspect the smell?
Look for key features such as Ginkgo’s fan-shaped leaves, Sterculia’s large seed pods, or Katsura’s heart-shaped leaves combined with the characteristic odor.
Final Thoughts
While the idea of a tree that smells like rotten fish might seem off-putting, these species offer fascinating insights into plant chemistry and ecological strategies. Many are valued for their beauty, hardiness, or traditional uses despite their occasional or persistent stench. Understanding why these trees smell the way they do can help gardeners and nature enthusiasts appreciate their unique place in the environment and make informed decisions about planting and care. If you enjoy unusual natural phenomena, adding one of these stinky trees to your landscape could be a memorable experience.
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